COVID-19: clinical and epidemiological indicators of mental health in frontline professionals - a systematic review of the literature / COVID-19: indicadores clínicos e epidemiológicos de impactos à saúde mental em profissionais da linha de frente - uma revisão sistemática de literatura / COVID-19: indicadores clínicos y epidemiológicos de los impactos en la salud mental en profesionales de primera línea - una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Workers, who work on the front line to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, in special health professionals, are exposed to more risks of mental health problems. The objective of this article was to identify clinical and epidemiological aspects of the mental health of health workers, without facing COVID-19. A systematic literature review of articles published between January 1 and May 14, 2020, was carried out in the Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed and Medline databases. 58 studies were selected, of which 10 empirical articles met all inclusion requirements. The research models involved, on the one hand, demographic and occupational variables and, on the other, mental health problems, as dependent variables, highlighting: depression, anxiety, fear, insomnia and medical symptoms. In the discussion, the main consequences for the mental health of the professionals stand out, as well as the coping and application strategies.

Os trabalhadores, que atuam na linha de frente de combate à pandemia da COVID-19, em especial profissionais de saúde, estão expostos a mais riscos de agravos à saúde mental. O objetivo desse artigo foi identificar aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos da saúde mental de trabalhadores da saúde, no enfrentamento à COVID-19. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura de artigos publicados entre 1 de janeiro a 14 de maio de 2020, nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed e Medline. Foram identificados 58 estudos, dos quais 10 artigos empíricos preencheram todos os critérios de inclusão definidos. Os modelos de pesquisa envolviam, de um lado, variáveis demográficas e ocupacionais e, de outro, agravos à saúde mental, como variáveis dependentes, destacando: depressão, ansiedade, medo, insônia e sintomas físicos. Na discussão destacam-se as principais consequências à saúde mental destes profissionais, bem como estratégias de enfrentamento e intervenções.

Los trabajadores que trabajan en la primera línea para combatir la pandemia de COVID-19, en profesionales de la salud especiales, están expuestos a más riesgos de problemas de salud mental. El objetivo de este artículo fue identificar aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos de la salud mental de los trabajadores de la salud, sin enfrentar COVID-19. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura de los artículos publicados entre el 1 de enero y el 14 de mayo de 2020 en las bases de datos de Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed y Medline. Se seleccionaron 58 estudios, de los cuales 10 artículos empíricos cumplieron con todos los requisitos de inclusión. Los modelos de investigación incluyeron, por un lado, variables demográficas y ocupacionales y, por otro, problemas de salud mental, como variables dependientes, destacando: depresión, ansiedad, miedo, insomnio y síntomas médicos . En la discusión se destacan las principales consecuencias para la salud mental de los profesionales, así como las estrategias de afrontamiento y aplicación.

Epidemiological and Clinical Predictors of License for Health Care Due to MBD / Preditores Epidemiológicos e Clínicos de Afastamentos por TMC em Servidores Públicos

Abstract This article aimed to check the association between clinical and epidemiological predictors of sick leave due to mental and behavioral disorders in public servants. Two databases were used: one epidemiological, with demographic and occupational data of public servants from Santa Catarina, enabling prevalence calculations for this population; one clinical, with results from three instruments in a representative sample of 822 servants. The prevalence of epidemiological variables from each sample servant has been associated with their clinical scores (obtained by the instruments), allowing comparisons between clinical and epidemiological predictions. As a result, it was found that regression models covering both clinical and epidemiological variables have explained larger parts of the outcomes' range (reaching 60.7% of benefits granted). It is concluded, finally, that although psychology and epidemiology are distinct sciences, their remarkable contributions to health complement each other. Such articulation is rare in literature and enhances the psychological tradition of clinical studies. Therefore, it enriches the field in order to promote and protect mental health, as well as to prevent mental disorders, in work environments.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo foi verificar a associação entre preditores clínicos e epidemiológicos de afastamento do trabalho por transtorno mental em servidores públicos. Duas bases de dados foram utilizadas: uma epidemiológica, com dados demográficos e ocupacionais dos servidores do Estado de Santa Catarina, possibilitando cálculos de prevalência nessa população; outra clínica, com resultados de três instrumentos numa amostra representativa de 822 servidores. As prevalências das variáveis epidemiológicas de cada servidor da amostra foram associadas aos seus respectivos escores de instrumentos clínicos, permitindo comparações entre predições clínicas e epidemiológicas. Como resultado, observou-se que modelos de regressão envolvendo dados clínicos e epidemiológicos ao mesmo tempo explicam parcelas maiores da variância dos benefícios concedidos (chegando a 60,7%). Por fim, conclui-se que, apesar de psicologia e epidemiologia serem ciências distintas, suas notáveis contribuições para a saúde complementam-se. Tal articulação é raramente vista na literatura nacional e internacional e extrapola a tradição psicológica de estudos clínicos, enriquecendo-a no intuito de fomentar a promoção e proteção à saúde mental, assim como a prevenção contra transtornos mentais, em ambientes de trabalho.

Prevalência de transtornos do humor e de ansiedade em servidores públicos afastados / Prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in public servants away from work

Os transtornos do humor e de ansiedade destacam-se como causa de absenteísmo-doença. O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar a associação entre variáveis socioeconômicas e ocupacionais com as prevalências desses transtornos na população de servidores públicos catarinenses. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa com delineamento transversal, de abordagem descritiva e analítica. Verificou-se que 19,31% dos servidores (8.765 casos) esteve em licença para tratamento de saúde pelo menos uma vez no período analisado (2010-2013). Transtornos do humor e transtornos de ansiedade apresentaram respectivamente as prevalências de 11,08% e 7,62%. Nesses grupos, verificou-se associação com sexo, idade, estado civil, escolaridade, faixa salarial e tempo de serviço. Os resultados indicam a possibilidade de identificar preditores sociodemográficos e ocupacionais desses transtornos mentais nessa população. Abstract

Mood and anxiety disorders out as causes of absenteeism-disease. The objective of this article was to verify the association between socio demographic and occupational variables with the prevalence of these disorders, in the population of public servants in Santa Catarina. It is a quantitative research with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical approach. It was verified that 19.31% of the total number of servers (8,765 cases) were on leave health treatment, at least once in the analyzed period (2010-2013). Mood disorders and anxiety disorders presented respectively prevalence of 11.08% e 7.62%. In these groups, there was an association with gender, age, marital status, schooling, salary range and length of service. The results indicate the possibility of identifying socio demographic and occupational predictors of these mental disorders in this population.

Epidemiological profile of public servants absent from work due to mental disorders from 2010 to 2013. / Perfil epidemiológico dos servidores públicos catarinenses afastados do trabalho por transtornos mentais de 2010 a 2013.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the epidemiological profile of mental and behavior disorders (MBD) of public servants in the State of Santa Catarina, which resulted in workers providing medical certificates, between 2010 and 2013. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed from data provided by the State Secretary of Administration. All medical certificates classified as in Chapter V of ICD-10 - Group "F" - Mental and Behavioral Disorders (MBD) were considered for analysis in the period. RESULTS: The study included 71 state agencies, primarily the State Secretary of Education, which corresponds to about 46% of all workers. Considering all the pathologies, 79,306 medical certificates were registered, among which, 40.14% were for MDB. Of the 8,765 workers with medical certificated for MBD, significant differences were found in the prevalence of work absence between gender (more women, in general, with the exception of MBD caused by psychoactive substance use), levels of education, city of the working place, government agency of work, and workers job position.

Perfil epidemiológico dos servidores públicos catarinenses afastados do trabalho por transtornos mentais de 2010 a 2013 / Epidemiological profile of public servants absent from work due to mental disorders from 2010 to 2013

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos Transtornos Mentais e do Comportamento (TMC) de servidores públicos do estado de Santa Catarina, que culminaram em Licenças para Tratamento de Saúde (LTS) entre 2010 e 2013. Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado a partir de dados fornecidos pela Secretaria de Estado da Administração de SC. Foram analisadas todas as LTS, enquadradas no Capítulo V da CID-10 - Grupo “F” - Transtornos Mentais e do Comportamento (TMC) no período considerado. O estudo incluiu 71 órgãos do estado, com destaque para Secretaria de Estado da Educação, a qual corresponde a cerca de 46% do efetivo de trabalhadores. Considerando-se todas as patologias, foram registradas 79.306 LTS, dentre as quais, 40,14% decorrentes de TMC. Dos 8.765 servidores em LTS por TMC, foram verificadas diferenças significativas na prevalência de afastamentos entre sexo (mais mulheres, em geral, com exceção de TMC decorrentes do uso de substâncias psicoativas), graus de instrução, município da unidade organizacional, órgão de vínculo e cargo ocupado.

Abstract Objective Describe the epidemiological profile of mental and behavior disorders (MBD) of public servants in the State of Santa Catarina, which resulted in workers providing medical certificates, between 2010 and 2013. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed from data provided by the State Secretary of Administration. All medical certificates classified as in Chapter V of ICD-10 - Group “F” - Mental and Behavioral Disorders (MBD) were considered for analysis in the period. Results The study included 71 state agencies, primarily the State Secretary of Education, which corresponds to about 46% of all workers. Considering all the pathologies, 79,306 medical certificates were registered, among which, 40.14% were for MDB. Of the 8,765 workers with medical certificated for MBD, significant differences were found in the prevalence of work absence between gender (more women, in general, with the exception of MBD caused by psychoactive substance use), levels of education, city of the working place, government agency of work, and workers job position.

Moral harassment at work model and inability.

Moral Harassment at Work (MHW) is considered a recurrent practice of humiliation, mockery, isolation, persecution and psychological torture. Its results go beyond the worker private life: represent financial loss, affects the work, the organization, the productivity and the society. This article aims to develop a model of MHW, which characterizes the main components of the phenomenon and their nexus with the inability to work. For this, the Literature field is consulted, in order to identify systematically, the MHW components and their risky factors. The results showed a multifaceted model which demonstrates: the aggressor/victim and the configuration of the Moral Harassment at Work causes. The management of the degraded work. The characteristic features of the inability to work, caused on the victim. The MHW modalities and as a final product, the integration among these components. It is expected that this model can help the Ergonomist comprehending this phenomenon and contribute on the creation of some strategies of prevention on the workplace. It is concluded that the removal or minimization of this occupational risks requires some changes on the job organization, on the people`s behaviour, the leadership styles, on the humanization of the social labor relationship and on the coping this problem.